Ceramic Analysis

Tools of the Archaeologist

The first Pecos Conference held in Santa Fe in 1927 defined the system of classifying Southwestern ceramics that is used today. This system considers all aspects of ceramic production and it is necessary to understand the origin and properties of clay, tempering materials and paints, and various techniques of manufacture. Observed technological variability in ceramics allows the systematic arrangement of pottery into specific types and wares according to established criteria. These taxonomies are used to identify cultural, temporal, and regional affiliations and to outline relative chronologies for archaeological sites. Ceramic types are given names that identify the location in which they were first identified (eg. Mimbres) and their style (eg. Black-on-white). Almost 200,000 ceramic sherds have been analyzed and 60 different ceramic types have been identified from the four sites studied by the Cañada Alamosa Project.

A.D. 200

Alma Punctate
Alma Scored/Incised
Alma Rough
Alma Plain

Alma Punctate
A.D. 200-750

Alma Scored/Incised
A.D. 200-750

Alma Rough
A.D. 200-750

Alma Plain
A.D. 200-1300

A.D. 400

San Francisco Red

San Francisco Red
A.D. 400-950

A.D. 500

Lino Gray

Lino Gray
A.D. 500-700

A.D. 650

San Marcial Black-on-white
Mogollon Red-on-brown

San Marcial Black-on-white
A.D. 650-750

Mogollon Red-on-brown
A.D. 650-750

A.D. 700

Kana'a Neck Banded
Alma Neck Banded

Kana'a Neck Banded
A.D. 700-900

Alma Neck Banded
A.D. 700-900

A.D. 750

Kiatuthlana Black-on-white
Three Circle Red-on-white

Kiatuthlana Black-on-white
A.D. 750-850

Three Circle Red-on-white
A.D. 750-800

Mimbres Boldface Black-on-white
Three Circle Neck Corrugated

Mimbres Boldface Black-on-white
A.D. 750-900

Three Circle Neck Corrugated
A.D. 750-1000

A.D. 850

Red Mesa Black-on-white

Red Mesa Black-on-white
A.D. 850-1050

A.D. 950 / A.D. 900

Pitoche Rubbed Ribbed
Los Lunas Smudged
Socorro Black-on-white

Pitoche Rubbed Ribbed
A.D. 950-1200

Los Lunas Smudged
A.D. 950-1200

Socorro Black-on-white
A.D. 950-1200

Mimbres Transitional Black-on-white
Mimbres Red Washed
Mimbres Corrugated

Mimbres Transitional Black-on-white
A.D. 900-1000

Mimbres Red Washed
A.D. 950-1150

Mimbres Corrugated
A.D. 950-1150

A.D. 1000

El Paso Bichrome
El Paso Bichrome
El Paso Bichrome
El Paso Bichrome
El Paso Bichrome
El Paso Bichrome

Elmendorf Black-on-white
A.D. 1000-1300

Reserve Plain Corrugated
A.D. 1000-1300

Reserve Plain
A.D. 1000-1300

Wingate Black-on-red
A.D. 1050-1200

Puerco Black-on-red
A.D. 1000-1200

Reserve Black-on-white
A.D. 1000-1200

El Paso Bichrome

Mimbres Classic Black-on-white
A.D. 1000-1150

A.D. 1100

El Paso Bichrome

El Paso Bichrome
A.D. 1100-1200

A.D. 1150

Cibola (corrugated) Gray Ware
St. Johns Polychrome
Tularosa Fillet Rim

Chupadero Black-on-white
A.D. 1150-1400

Reserve Indented Corrugated
A.D. 1150-1300

Tularosa Fillet Rim
A.D. 1150-1400

A.D. 1175

Cibola (corrugated) Gray Ware
St. Johns Polychrome
Tularosa Black-on-white

Cibola (corrugated) Gray Ware
A.D. 1175-1300

St. Johns Polychrome
A.D. 1175-1300

Tularosa Black-on-white
A.D. 1175-1300

A.D. 1200

Magdalena Black-on-white
Magdalena Black-on-white
Magdalena Black-on-white
Magdalena Black-on-white
Magdalena Black-on-white

Salado Red Corrugated
A.D. 1200-1400

Salado Red Smudged
A.D. 1200-1400

Tularosa Patterned Corrugated
A.D. 1200-1300

El Paso Polychrome (early style rim)
A.D. 1200-1300

Three Rivers Red-on-terracotta
A.D. 1200-1400

Magdalena Black-on-white
Magdalena Black-on-white
Magdalena Black-on-white
Magdalena Black-on-white

Lincoln Black-on-red
A.D. 1200-1400

Playas Red
A.D. 1200-1400

Playas Red Incised
A.D. 1200-1400

Playas Red Punctate
A.D. 1200-1400

A.D. 1240

Magdalena Black-on-white

Magdalena Black-on-white
A.D. 1240-1290

A.D. 1260

Techado Polychrome

Techado Polychrome
A.D. 1260-1290

A.D. 1270

Seco Corugated

Seco Corugated
A.D. 1270-1400

A.D. 1275

Sherd
Sherd
Sherd

Maverick Mountain Polychrome
A.D. 1275-1325

Pinedale Polychrome
A.D. 1275-1325

Pinedale Black-on-red
A.D. 1275-1325

Heshotauthla Glaze Polychrome
Kwakina Glaze Polychrome
Pinawa Glaze-on-white

Heshotauthla Glaze Polychrome
A.D. 1275-1375

Kwakina Glaze Polychrome
A.D. 1275-1375

Pinawa Glaze-on-white
A.D. 1275-1400

A.D. 1300

Sherd
Sherd
Sherd
Sherd

Agua Fria Glaze-on-red
A.D. 1300-1400

El Paso Polychrome (late style rim)
A.D. 1300-1400

Gila Polychrome
A.D. 1300-1400+

Ramos Polychrome
A.D. 1300-1400

Next: Faunal and Shell Analysis